Originally developed for astronomy, adaptive-optics techniques can be used for imaging through biological tissue in optical microscopy or for any kind of object recognition in machine vision. Fraunhofer IPMS (Dresden, Germany;
www.ipms.fraunhofer.de) has developed a complete MEMS phase former kit for adaptive optics. The key component is a high-resolution MEMS micromirror array of 240 × 200 piston-type mirror elements.